【Overview】
|
|||||||||
With the U.S. there is more (though insufficient)
transparency over its nuclear weapons than any other countries’. In May 2010,
the U.S. Department of Defense issued a fact sheet on its nuclear stockpile,
which reported 5,113 warheads as of September 2009. Ever since, it has been
updated almost annually. The last update, provided in January 2017, reported
a total 4,018 warheads as of September 30, 2016(The White House 2017),
indicating a reduction of 1,095 over a seven-year period.
A closer look at its nuclear capability shows 1,750
warheads in operational deployment (1,600 strategic warheads and 150
non-strategic). The strategic warheads are deployed with ICBMs, SLBMs and
U.S. Air Force bases. The remainder (about 2,050) constitutes a reserve. This
number is greater than the 1,393 strategic nuclear warheads in operational
deployment registered under the New START as on September 1, 2017 (U.S.
Department of State 2018-1). One reason for the discrepancy may be due to
the New START Treaty of counting only one warhead per strategic bomber, as
opposed to accounting for all other warheads stored on base where bombers are
stationed. The White House’s January 2017 fact sheet also revealed that some
2,800 warheads were retired and awaiting disassembly. It is estimated that,
with further reductions since September 2017 to have totaled 3,800, the
entire U.S. nuclear stockpile to be 6,450 including 2,650 retired and
awaiting disassembly.
On February 2, 2018, the Trump administration’s Nuclear
Posture Review (NPR) fundamentally reversed the previous administration’s
NPR, which had sought to reduce the role of nuclear weapons. The policy aims
to lower the threshold for nuclear retaliation in the event of conventional
attack and broaden the role of nuclear weapons. More specifically, it seeks
to obtain a wide range of rapid response alternatives capable of breaching
enemy defenses. To do so, it plans to lower yield on SLBM warheads and, over
the long term, develop new weapons systems (such as SLCMs) that would
facilitate preemptive strike.
Currently, the U.S. is in the process of modernizing its
nuclear weapons. The NNSA 2016 plan is to cut back on surplus warheads
dramatically by integrating seven existing types of warhead into a single
type and also converting two ICBM warheads and three SLCM warheads into three
mutually compatible warheads. In addition, it will begin replacing strategic
nuclear submarines and bombers. For these initiatives, there will be an
outlay of USD 400 billion between FY2017 and FY2026 (Congressional Budget
Office 2017) and, over the next 30 years, USD 1.2 trillion (Arms
Control Association 2018). It is critical to monitor how the U.S. nuclear
posture will evolve under Trump’s NPR.
The U.S. conducted four ballistic test launches with the
ICBM Minuteman III (Space Launch Report 2017) and four with the SLBM
Trident II (Kristensen, Hans M. & Norris, Robert S. 2018-1)
. |
|||||||||
Updated : June 1, 2018
|
|||||||||
Type / designation
|
Missile
/bomb |
No. of warheads
per weapon |
No. of warheads
|
Types of nuclear
warheads |
Yield (kt)
|
Year first deployed
|
Remarks
|
||
Deployed
|
1,062
|
1,750
|
|||||||
Intercontinental ballistic missile
(ICBM)
|
400
|
400
|
1)
|
||||||
MinutemanIII
a) Mk-12A |
200
|
1
|
200
|
W78
|
335
|
1979
|
|||
MinutemanIII Mk-21/SERV
|
200
|
1
|
200
|
W87
|
300
|
2006
|
|||
Submarine-launched
ballistic missile (SLBM)
|
212
|
900
|
2)
|
||||||
Trident
II D5
b) Mk-4 |
122
|
3～6
|
516
|
W76-1
|
100
|
2008
|
|||
Trident II D5 Mk-5
|
90
|
3～6
|
384
|
W88
|
455
|
1990
|
|||
Strategic
bomber payloads
|
450
|
450
|
3)
|
||||||
200
|
1
|
200
|
W80-1
|
5–150
|
1961
|
||||
100
|
1
|
100
|
B61-7
B61-11 B83-1 |
10–360
400 low–1,200 |
1985
1997 1993 |
||||
150
|
1
|
150
|
B61-3
B61-4 |
0.3–170
0.3–50 |
1979
|
4)
|
|||
Reserve
/ Nondeployed
|
2,050
|
5)
|
|||||||
ICBM
|
400
|
||||||||
SLBM
|
920
|
6)
|
|||||||
Air-launched
systems (Bombers, etc.)
|
730
|
730
|
|||||||
Strategic
bomber Payload
|
580
|
1
|
580
|
7)
|
|||||
Non-strategic
nuclear weapons
|
150
|
1
|
150
|
B61-3/-4/-10
|
8)
|
||||
Retired
warheads awaiting dismantlement, etc.
|
〜2,650
|
9)
|
|||||||
Total inventory
|
〜6,450
|
10)
|
|||||||
【Notes】
|
|||||||||
1)
|
Estimates of operationally deployed numbers (Kristensen,
Hans M. 2012) show 450 missiles and 500 nuclear warheads. New START data
(U.S. Department of State 2018-1) as of September 1, 2017, indicates
that 399 ICBMs are deployed. There have been reports that the conversion to
single warhead has been completed (Global Security Newswire 2014), so
the number is taken as 400 warheads. On the other hand, the United States has
announced that the number of deployed ICBMs will be 400 on completion of New
START implementation (U.S. Department of Defense 2014).
|
||||||||
2)
|
Conventional estimates of operationally deployed numbers
shows 288 missiles (12 submarines x 24 launch tubes) (Kristensen, Hans M.
2012-1). Toward the end of 2017, all vessels reduced their tubes from 24
to 20 (i.e., 240 missiles) (Kristensen, Hans M. & Norris, Robert S.
2018-1). According to the New START data disclosed on January 1, 2018,
212 SLBMs are in deployment, with no reference to the number of warheads (U.S.
Department of State 2018-1). Here, we are subtracting 400 ICBMs and 300
bomber-equivalent warheads from a total 1,600 strategic warheads in
operational deployment to arrive at 900 SLBM warheads. With these assumptions
(212 SLBMs and 900 warheads), we have calculated the number of warheads by
type. The latest estimate (Kristensen, Hans M. & Norris, Robert S.
2018-1) puts it at 384 W88 warheads, all of which are seen to be
operationally deployed. Accordingly, we have subtracted these 384 W88s from
the operationally deployed 900 warheads to arrive at 516 W76-1s. As for the
Mk-4A and Mk-5A figures, the 212 SLBMs were broken down by warhead on a pro
rata basis. The average is 4.5 warheads per missile, meaning four or five
warheads in reality. The United States announced that it would have 240 SLBMs
deployed on completion of New START implementation (U.S. Department of
Defense 2014).
|
||||||||
3)
|
An estimated 1,090-warhead reserve stockpile exists apart
from 450 in operational deployment.
|
||||||||
4)
|
150 weapons are deployed to six air force bases in five
European countries (Belgium, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, and Turkey) for
use by NATO forces (Kristensen, Hans M. & Norris, Robert S. 2015;
Kristensen, Hans M. 2014). Meanwhile, the Tomahawk missile previously
carried by nuclear-powered attack submarines have been retired and it was
announced that the warheads have all been disassembled. (U.S. Department
of State 2014-1)
|
||||||||
5)
|
The ordnance of two Ohio-class nuclear submarines (48
missiles, 192 warheads) currently in overhaul, in addition to hundreds of
bombs and cruise missiles are stored in central depositories. In January
2017, the White House revealed the total number of U.S. warheads both in
deployment and reserve, as of September 30, 2016, to be 4,018 (The White
House 2017). Based on this figure, we have applied a retirement rate and
estimate the current stockpile to be 3,800 warheads. Subtracting 1,750 in
operational deployment, we arrived at a reserve storage of 2,050 (Kristensen,
Hans M. & Norris, Robert S. 2018-2). This breaks down, according to
the latest estimates (Kristensen, Hans M. & Norris, Robert S. 2018-1),
into 1,900 strategic and 150 non-strategic warheads. The strategic stockpile
further breaks down into 400 ICBMs and 580 bombs on strategic bombers. We
arrived at 920 SLBMs by subtracting any remainder from 1,900 warheads in
reserve.
|
||||||||
6)
|
These include hundreds of W76-1 warheads that have replaced
W76-0s.
|
||||||||
7)
|
They are stockpiled in central depositories at Kirtland Air
Force Base in New Mexico and Nellis Air Force Base in Nevada (Kristensen,
Hans M. & Norris, Robert S. 2016-1).
|
||||||||
8)
|
They are probably being stored at Kirtland Air Base in New
Mexico and Nellis Air Base in Nevada. There seems to be three categories:
B61-3s, B61-4s, and the entire stock of B61-10s which is now in reserve.
|
||||||||
9)
|
In addition, 20,000 plutonium pits used for primary
detonation that have been removed from disassembled warheads together with
4,000 pits for secondary detonation are thought to be stockpiled at the
Pantex plant (Texas) and Y-12 plant (Tennessee) (Kristensen, Hans M. &
Norris, Robert S. 2018-2).
|
||||||||
10)
|
On May 3, 2010, the U.S. government published a fact sheet
on its nuclear weapons stockpile (U.S. Department of Defense 2010)
stating that the stockpile of nuclear weapons consisted of 5,113 warheads as
of September 30, 2009. It also clarified the year-to-year changes in that
figure. This was based on recognition of how important these changes were in
pursuing supplemental reductions after the New START Treaty went into effect.
The same data was updated to 4,804 as of September 30, 2013 (April 29,
2014, U.S. Department of state 2014-2), 4,717 as of September 30,
2014 (April 27, 2015, John Kerry, Remarks at the 2015 NPT Revew
Conference), and 4,571 as of September 30, 2015 (May 2016, U.S.
Department of Defense 2016). The latest update is from January 2017. As
of September 30, 2016, there existed 4,018 warheads (The White House 2017).
In this table, those “retired warheads awaiting dismantlement” are subtracted
from the entire stockpile and this equates 3,800 in storage. Given the pace
of retirement following the January 2017 disclosure, it is an almost
identical match.
|
||||||||
【Source】
|
|||||||||
Arms Control Association 2018: “U.S. Nuclear Modernization Programs,” March, 2018.
https://www.armscontrol.org/factsheets/USNuclearModernization (accessed May
31, 2018)
|
|||||||||
Congressional Budget Office 2017: “Approaches for Managing the Costs of U.S. Nuclear
Forces, 2017 to 2046,” October, 2017.
https://www.cbo.gov/system/files/115th-congress-2017-2018/reports/53211-nuclearforces.pdf
|
|||||||||
Global Security Newswire 2014: “U.S. Eliminates Multi-Warheads on All Ground-Based
Nuclear Missiles,”
http://www.nti.org/gsn/article/us-pulls-multiple-warheads-all-nuclear-missiles/
(accessed 1, 2014)
|
|||||||||
Kerry, John 2015 ‘Remarks
at the 2015 NPT Review Conference, April 27,2015.’
http://www.state.gov/secretary/remarks/2015/04/241175.htm (accessed April 28,
2015)
|
|||||||||
Kristensen, Hans M. 2012:
“Trimming Nuclear Excess -Options for Further Reductions of U.S. and Russian
Nuclear Forces,” Federation of American Scientists, Special Report No. 5,
December, 2012.
|
|||||||||
Kristensen, Hans M. 2013:
“Capabilities of B61-12 Nuclear Bomb Increase Further,” October 30, 2013.
http://blogs.fas.org/security/2013/10/b61-12hearing/ (accessed November 11,
2013)
|
|||||||||
Kristensen, Hans M. 2014:
“B61-12: The New Guided Standoff Nuclear Bomb,”
http://fas.org/programs/ssp/nukes/publications1/Brief2014_PREPCOM2.pdf
(accessed May 7, 2014)
|
|||||||||
Kristensen, Hans M. 2015:
“Status of World Nuclear Forces,” Federation of American Scientists, 2015.
http://fas.org/issues/nuclear-weapons/status-world-nuclear-forces/ (accessed
June 2, 2015)
|
|||||||||
Kristensen, Hans M. & Norris, Robert S. 2015: “US nuclear forces, 2015,” Bulletin of the Atomic
Scientists, March/April, 2015.
|
|||||||||
Kristensen, Hans M. & Norris, Robert S. 2016-1: “US nuclear forces, 2016,” Bulletin of the Atomic
Scientists, March/April, 2016.
|
|||||||||
Kristensen, Hans M. & Norris, Robert S. 2016-2: “Status of World Nuclear Forces,” Federation of American
Scientists, May 26, 2016.
http://fas.org/issues/nuclear-weapons/status-world-nuclear-forces/ (accessed
May 29, 2016)
|
|||||||||
Kristensen, Hans M. & Norris, Robert S. 2017-1: “US nuclear forces, 2017,” Bulletin of the Atomic
Scientists, Jan./Feb., 2017.
|
|||||||||
Kristensen, Hans M. & Norris, Robert S. 2017-2: “Status of World Nuclear Forces,” Federation of American
Scientists, April 4, 2017.
http://fas.org/issues/nuclear-weapons/status-world-nuclear-forces/ (accessed May 31, 2017) |
|||||||||
Kristensen, Hans M. & Norris, Robert S. 2018-1: “US nuclear forces, 2018,” Bulletin of the Atomic
Scientists, Mar./Apr., 2018.
|
|||||||||
Kristensen, Hans M. & Norris, Robert S. 2018-2: “Status of World Nuclear Forces,” Federation of American
Scientists, May 2018.
http://fas.org/issues/nuclear-weapons/status-world-nuclear-forces/ (accessed May 31, 2018) |
|||||||||
NNSA 2016: “Fiscal
Year 2016 Stockpile Stewardship and Management Plan,”
https://nnsa.energy.gov/sites/default/files/FY16SSMP_FINAL%203_16_2015_reducedsize.pdf
|
|||||||||
Space Launch Report 2016:
“2016 Major Suborbital Log,”
http://www.spacelaunchreport.com/log2016.html#log2
|
|||||||||
Space Launch Report 2017:
“2017 Major Suborbital Log,”
http://www.spacelaunchreport.com/log2017.html#log2
|
|||||||||
U.S. Department of Defense 2010: “Fact Sheet Increasing Transparency in the U.S. Nuclear
Weapons Stockpile,”
https://www.defense.gov/Portals/1/features/defenseReviews/NPR/10-05-03_Fact_Sheet_US_Nuclear_Transparency__FINAL_w_Date.pdf
|
|||||||||
U.S. Department of Defense 2014: “Fact Sheet on U.S. Nuclear Force Structure under the New
START Treaty,” April 8, 2014.
http://www.defense.gov/documents/Fact-Sheet-on-US-Nuclear-Force-Structure-under-the-New-START-Treaty.pdf
|
|||||||||
U.S. Department of Defense 2016: “Stockpile Numbers: End of Fiscal Years 1962–2015,”
http://open.defense.gov/Portals/23/Documents/frddwg/2015_Tables_UNCLASS.pdf
|
|||||||||
U.S. Department of State: “New
START: Fact Sheets.” https://2009-2017.state.gov/t/avc/newstart/c39906.htm
|
|||||||||
U.S. Department of State 2014-1: “Report of the United States of America Pursuant to
Actions 5, 20, 21 of the 2010 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Conference Final Document,” April 29, 2014. https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/225580.pdf
|
|||||||||
U.S. Department of state 2014-2: “Fact Sheet Transparency in the U.S. Nuclear Weapons
Stockpile,” April 29, 2014. https://2009-2017.state.gov/t/avc/rls/225343.htm
|
|||||||||
U.S. Department of state 2015-1: “New START Treaty Aggregate Numbers of Strategic
Offensive Arms, Fact Sheet,” Jan. 1, 2015.
https://2009-2017.state.gov/t/avc/rls/235606.htm
|
|||||||||
U.S. Department of state 2015-2: “New START Treaty Aggregate Numbers of Strategic
Offensive Arms, Fact Sheet,” July 1, 2015.
https://2009-2017.state.gov/t/avc/rls/240062.htm
|
|||||||||
U.S. Department of state 2016-1: “New START Treaty Aggregate Numbers of Strategic
Offensive Arms, Fact Sheet,” Jan. 1, 2016.
https://2009-2017.state.gov/t/avc/rls/2016/250940.htm
|
|||||||||
U.S. Department of state 2016-2: “New START Treaty Aggregate Numbers of Strategic
Offensive Arms, Fact Sheet,” April 1, 2016.
https://2009-2017.state.gov/t/avc/rls/2016/255377.htm
|
|||||||||
U.S. Department of State 2017-1: “New START Treaty Aggregate Numbers of Strategic
Offensive Arms, Fact Sheet,” Jan.1, 2017.
https://2009-2017.state.gov/t/avc/rls/2016/266384.htm |
|||||||||
U.S. Department of State 2017-2: “New START Treaty Aggregate Numbers of Strategic
Offensive Arms, Fact Sheet,” April.1, 2017.
https://www.state.gov/t/avc/newstart/269406.htm |
|||||||||
U.S. Department of State 2018: “New START Treaty Aggregate Numbers of Strategic
Offensive Arms, Fact Sheet,” January 12, 2018.
https://www.state.gov/t/avc/newstart/277439.htm |
|||||||||
The White House 2017: Fact Sheet:
The Prague Nuclear Agenda, Jan. 11, 2017.
https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2017/01/11/fact-sheet-prague-nuclear-agenda |
|||||||||
©RECNA Nuclear Warhead Data Monitoring Team
|
|||||||||
ICBM
LGM-30G
|
|||||||||
Designation：
|
MinutemanIII
|
||||||||
Propulsion：
|
Three-stage solid-propellant
|
||||||||
Launch platform：
|
Silo
|
||||||||
No. of warheads：
|
Maximum 3 warheads
|
||||||||
Warhead
|
W78, W87
|
||||||||
Specifications：
|
Length 18 m, Diameter 1.67 m, Weight 32.2 ton
|
||||||||
Range：
|
Over 9,600 km
|
||||||||
Circular error probability：
|
110 m
|
||||||||
Where deployed：
|
F.E. Warren Air Base (Wy)
Malmstrom Air Base (Mont) Minot Air Base (N.D.) |
||||||||
Remarks：
|
A modernization program to extend the service life of the
Minuteman 3 until 2030 is in progress. The LGM-30G is deployed at three
U.S.AF bases. Annually each base surveils the platform by launching a
missile. The latest test launches were conducted on April 25 and May 14, 2018
from Vandenberg Air Base aimed at the test site at Kwajalein Atoll in the
Marshall Islands. The “Mk-” designation is the identifying mark for the
heat-resistant protective capsule for the nuclear warheads. Work on
conversion of the Mk-12A/W78 warheads to single warheads has been proceeding
since 2002, and the Obama administration completed that work in 2014.
However, the possibility of reloading them has been left open. Mk-21/W87
warheads were carried by the Peacekeeper (retired in 2005), which was
developed and deployed as the Minuteman 3 successor. All the obsolete
Mk-12/W62 warheads for the Minuteman 3 were exchanged for these. Meanwhile,
development is also underway on IW-1 interoperable warheads, which integrate
the ICBM W78 warheads and the SLBM W88 warheads.
The U.S. plans to develop a new interoperable warhead, the IW-3, which will be based on the SLBM W76-1 and the IW-2, which is in turn interoperable between the W-87 (ICBM) and W88 (SLBM) warheads. |
||||||||
【Source】
|
|||||||||
Air Force Global Strike Command 2017-1: “Minot tests Minuteman III missile with launch from
Vandenberg,” February 09, 2017.
http://www.afgsc.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/1077316/minot-tests-minuteman-iii-missile-with-launch-from-vandenberg/
(accessed June 14, 2017)
|
|||||||||
Air Force Global Strike Command 2017-2: “F.E. Warren tests Minuteman III missile with launch from
Vandenberg,” April 26, 2017.
http://www.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/1163173/fe-warren-tests-minuteman-iii-missile-with-launch-from-vandenberg/
(accessed June 14, 2017)
|
|||||||||
Air Force Global Strike Command 2017-3: “MALMSTROM TESTS MINUTEMAN III MISSILE WITH LAUNCH FROM
VANDENBERG,” May 03, 2017.
http://www.afgsc.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/1170700/malmstrom-tests-minuteman-iii-missile-with-launch-from-vandenberg/
(accessed June 14, 2017)
|
|||||||||
FAS 2013: “LGM-30
Minuteman III ICBM – United States Nuclear Forces,”
http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/usa/icbm/lgm-30_3.htm (accessed July 10, 2013)
|
|||||||||
Global Security 2011: “LGM-30
Minuteman III ICBM – United States Nuclear Forces,” http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/systems/lgm-30_3-specs.htm
(accessed July 10, 2013)
|
|||||||||
Global Security Newswire 2014: “U.S. Eliminates Multi-Warheads on All Ground-Based
Nuclear Missiles,”
http://www.nti.org/gsn/article/us-pulls-multiple-warheads-all-nuclear-missiles/
(accessed 1, 2014)
|
|||||||||
InDepthNews 2018: “US
Launches Minuteman III Missile Test in Cloud of Secrecy,” Lompoc Record,
April 25, 2018.
https://www.indepthnews.net/index.php/the-world/usa-and-canada/1831-us-launches-minuteman-iii-missile-test-in-cloud-of-secrecy
(accessed May 31, 2018)
|
|||||||||
Jacobson, Willis 2018:
“Unarmed Minuteman III missile launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base as
activists question timing,” Lompoc Record, May 14, 2018.
https://lompocrecord.com/news/local/unarmed-minuteman-iii-missile-launched-from-vandenberg-air-force-base/article_52583bd9-9b57-5b62-9fdc-b15950c4e714.html
(accessed May 31, 2018)
|
|||||||||
Kristensen, Hans M. & Norris, Robert S. 2017: “US nuclear forces, 2017,” Bulletin of the Atomic
Scientists, Jan./Feb., 2017.
|
|||||||||
Kristensen, Hans M. & Norris, Robert S. 2018: “US nuclear forces, 2018,” Bulletin of the Atomic
Scientists, Mar./Apr., 2018.
|
|||||||||
U.S. Department of Energy 2013: “Fiscal Year 2014 Stockpile Stewardship and Management
Plan,” http://nnsa.energy.gov/ourmission/managingthestockpile/ssmp (accessed
November 11, 2013)
|
|||||||||
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