President Trump last week signed
the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for 2020 that establishes a U.S.
Space Force as the sixth branch of the U.S. armed forces—despite the Outer
Space Treaty designating space as a global commons to be used for peaceful
purposes.
Reported Space News: “Trump
signed the NDAA flanked by top defense and military officials at a ceremony at
Joint Base Andrews, Maryland.” It quoted Trump saying: “Today marks a landmark
achievement as we officially inaugurate the newest branch or our military, the
U.S. Space Force. This is very big and important moment.”
The Space News article
quoted U.S. Secretary of Defense Mark Esper saying at the signing December 20:
“Our reliance on space-based capabilities has grown dramatically and today
outer space has evolved into a warfighting domain of its own. Maintaining
American dominance in that domain is now the mission of the United States Space
Force.”
Bruce Gagnon, coordinator of the
Global Network Against Weapons & Nuclear Power in Space, said of what
happened: “The words ‘warfighting domain’ and US ‘dominance in space’ indicate
that the Pentagon is actively planning to fight a war in space. This misguided
notion is probably the most dangerous and frightening development of my
lifetime—and I had thought the Cold War-era was bad. The idea that the U.S.
thinks it can fight and ‘win’ a war in space is indeed the height of insanity.”
The U.S. Congress joining with the
Trump administration “to push forward with this ‘US exceptionalism to the max’
notion indicates just how much the aerospace industry has taken control of
Washington,” Gagnon, of Brunswick, Maine, continued.
“It is clear to me that what the
Pentagon has long called ‘the largest, and most expensive, industrial project
in human history—‘Star Wars,’ will drive our nation’s economy over the cliff,”
said Gagnon. “There will be rockets and weapons in space and more homeless
across the nation than anyone could ever imagine. Yes, we should call it
Pyramids to the Heavens. The aerospace industry is the contemporary version of
the Pharaohs of Egypt and the taxpayers will be the slaves. But everything has
an Achilles Heel and the enormous cost of Star Wars could just be it.”
He stated: “It’s more than the
right time for the public to declare a resounding NO.”
The formation of a U.S. Space
Force and the U.S. drive for “American dominance” of space will inevitably turn
space into a war zone because other nations, China and Russia and then more,
will respond in kind. There will be an arms race in space.
The landmark Outer Space Treaty of
1967 was put together by the U.S., the former Soviet Union, and the U.K., and
since signed by most nations on Earth. It was spurred, as Craig Eisendrath, as
a U.S. State Department officer involved in its creation, by the Soviet Union
launching Sputnik, the first space satellite, as he noted in the 2001 TV
documentary I wrote and narrate, “Star
Wars Returns.” It’s
online. Eisendrath said “we sought to de-weaponize space before it got
weaponized…to keep war out of space.”
The Outer Space Treaty prohibits
the placement of weapons of mass destruction in space, and although the Trump
administration and U.S. military have been claiming a Space Force is necessary
because of Russia and China moving into space militarily, in fact Russia and
China
—and U.S. neighbor Canada—have been
leaders for decades in pushing for an expansion of the Outer Space Treaty. They
have been advocating the Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space (PAROS)
treaty under which the placement of any weapons in space would be barred. The
U.S.—under both Republican and Democratic presidential administrations—has
opposed the PAROS treaty and has effectively vetoed it at the United Nations.
(I’ve been there to see this.)
“’Today is an historic moment for
our nation as we launch the United States Space Force,’” Air Force Secretary
Barbara Barrett told reporters Dec. 20,” said the Space News article.
“The Space Force is the first new military service created since 1947, when the
Air Force was born from the U.S. Army Air Corps,” it continued.
“The Space Force authorization
marks a huge political victory for Trump, who started championing the idea of a
space service in early 2018 and directed the Pentagon in June 2018 to figure
out a plan to make it happen,” said Space News, quoting Barrett as
saying: “The president’s vision has become a reality with overwhelming
bipartisan and bicameral support from Congress.”
In the U.S. House of
Representatives, the vote for NDAA was 377 to 48. Some 189 Republicans and 188
Democrats voted for it. Six Republican House members voted no along with 41
Democrats and one independent. The vote on December 11 was reported to be a result
of a trade-off for 12 weeks of paid parental leave for civilian federal
employees. The New York Times’ article on the vote said Jared
Kushner, Trump’s son-in-law and advisor, was pivotal. “It was Mr. Kushner who
helped broker a deal to create the Space Force, a chief priority of the
president’s, in exchange for the paid parental leave, a measure championed by
his wife, Ivanka Trump, also a senior advisor to the president,” said The Times.
The vote in the U.S. Senate on
December 17 was 86 to 8. Some 48 Republicans and 37 Democrats and one
independent voted for it. Four Republicans and four Democrats voted no.
Trump tweeted after
the House vote: “Wow! All our priorities have made it into the final NDAA: Pay
Raises for our Troops, Rebuilding our Military, Paid Parental Leave, Border
Security, and Space Force!”
The Space News article
went on: “Getting Congress to go along with the Space Force authorization took
significant cajoling from the White House.” The House Armed Services Committee
“unsuccessfully tried to pass a bill in the 2018 NDAA to establish a Space
Corps. The Pentagon, the Air Force and the Senate at the time were adamantly
opposed but all came around after Trump took up the cause.”
“To get Democrats to vote for the
NDAA,” Space News said, “Trump went along with one of their top
priorities to grant federal workers 12 weeks of paid time off after the birth
or adoption of a child or to handle family health emergencies.”
It was a trade-off of the most
profound historic proportions: paid parental leave for government employees,
common in countries all over the world, for a measure that would turn space
into an arena of war.
Effective as of December 2019,
reported Space News, “The Air Force re-names the Air Force Space
Command the U.S. Space Force….As many as 16,000 military and civilian personnel
from Air Force Space Command will be assigned to the U.S. Space Force….Air
Force Gen. John “Jay” Raymond, the commander of U.S. Space Command, will serve
as the first Chief of Space Operations…chief of staff of the Space Force” and
“become a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff by December 2020. The Office of
the Chief of Space Operations—aka the Space Force headquarters—will be stood up
at the Pentagon over the next 60 days.”
Further, there will be “a new
Senate-confirmed position of assistant secretary of the Air Force for space acquisition
and integration” and a “Space Force Acquisition Council”….The space acquisition
executive will oversee the Space and Missile Systems Center (SMC), the Space
Rapid Capabilities Office and the Space Development Agency.”
Space News said General “Raymond
told reporters Dec. 20 that the establishment of a Space Force ‘truly launches
us into a new era.’ However, there are still ‘thousands of actions will have to
take place’ over the coming months and years.”
“’The uniforms, the patch, the
song, the culture of a service, that work will continue,’ Raymond said,” the
article went on. “’We’re not going to be in a rush. That’s not something that
we’re going to roll out on day one. Communicating to the public the importance
of the Space Force to national security will be a priority, he said. Raymond is
aware that the Space Force is mocked and called a ‘Space Farce’ and he thinks
that is a problem. ‘This is not a ‘farce,’ he said. ‘This is nationally
critical.’”
As to: “Will there be ‘spacemen’?”
asked Space News, a trade journal. “How the members of the Space
Force will be designated will be debated for some time before the service
settles on a name. For now, the new branch will be formed with airmen assigned
to serve under the Space force. A new name will be given to members of the
Space Force eventually. ‘We want to develop our own identity,’ a senior
official said. ‘We don’t want to say on day one ‘they’re going to be called x.’
Eventually, airmen will be asked to permanently transfer to the Space Force. The
estimated 16,000 people who will be expected to transfer include 3,400
officers, 6,200 enlisted personnel and the rest civilians.”
“Graduates of the military
academies of the other services will be allowed to commission into the Space
Force,” reported Space News. “The actual transfer of airmen to the
Space Force will be a laborious process that will require standing up a new
personnel and compensation system. Each airman individually will have to
volunteer to be separated from the Air Force. Officers would have to be
reappointed and enlisted personnel would have to be re-enlisted to serve under
the Space Force.”
“The Army is of special importance
because it has a large cadre of space operators and experts estimated at more
than 2,000 people,” the Space News article continued. “Barrett said
the plan is to eventually bring them on. ‘Naturally the Amy and Navy will be
partners,’ she said. ‘Over time they will be fully engaged.’ She said Army and
Navy officials have been involved in the planning and rollout of the Space
Force. Barrett also wants to figure out a plan for National Guard and Reserve
units to serve on the Space Force.”
As to “how much money will the
Space Force have”—what Bruce Gagnon of the Global Network calls the “Achilles
Heel” of the scheme—Space News said “Congress approved $40 million for
Space Force operations and maintenance in the fiscal year 2020 appropriations.
That is less than the $72.4 million requested by the Trump administration,
although Barrett said Dec. 20 that the funding would be enough to get
started…In a Dec. 2 memo, a copy of which was obtained by SpaceNews,” the
article went on, “Barrett requested the following transfers to the Space Force
for fiscal year 2020: $9.3 billion from Air Force space related weapons systems
and operations, $1.4 billion from weapons system sustainment, $275 million from
major command support, $26.3 million from education and training, $95 million
from headquarters spending. Barrett said the personnel costs associated with
all these programs also will transfer to the Space Force.”
National Public Radio has reported
that Trump’s advocacy of a Space Force “started as a joke.” NPR’s Claudia
Grisales in August related: “Early last year President Trump riffed on an idea
he called ‘Space Force’ before a crowd of Marines in San Diego. It drew laughs,
but the moment was a breakthrough for a plan that had languished for nearly 20
years.” She continued: “’I said
maybe we need a new force, we’ll call it the Space Force,’ Trump said at Marine
Corps Air Station Miramar in March 2018. ‘And I was not really serious. Then I
said, ‘What a great idea, maybe we’ll have to do that.’”
Gagnon recounts a protest he
organized against the weaponization of space at the Kennedy Space Center in
Florida in 1989 at which Apollo astronaut Edgar Mitchell, the sixth man to walk
on the moon participated, told those present that “any war in space would be
the one and only. By destroying satellites in space massive amounts of
space debris would be created that would cause a cascading effect and even the
billion-dollar International Space Station would likely be broken into tiny
bits. So much space junk would be created, Mitchell told us, that we’d never be
able to get a rocket off the planet again because of the mine field of debris
orbiting the Earth at 15,000 mph. That would mean activity on Earth below would
immediately shut down—cell phones, ATM machines, cable TV, traffic lights,
weather prediction and more—all hooked up to satellites, would be
lost. Modern society would go dark.”
As to the weapons a Space Force
might use, proposed for Reagan’s “Star Wars” program were hypervelocity
guns, particle beams and laser weapons onboard orbiting battle platforms with
onboard nuclear reactors or “super” plutonium systems providing the power for
the weapons. General James Abramson, head of “Star Wars,” or as it was
officially termed Strategic Defense Initiative, said at a Symposium on Space
Nuclear Power and Propulsion in Albuquerque, New Mexico in 1988 that “without
reactors in orbit” there would need to be “a long” extension cord bringing up
power up from Earth.
More articles by:KARL
GROSSMAN
Karl Grossman, professor of journalism at State
University of New York/College at Old Westbury, and is the author of the
book, The Wrong Stuff: The Space’s Program’s Nuclear Threat to Our Planet. Grossman is an associate of
the media watch group Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting (FAIR). He is a
contributor to Hopeless: Barack Obama and the Politics of Illusion.
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