30.12.2019 Author: Vladimir Odintsov
Column: Politics
Region: Central Asia
Country: Afghanistan
According to Hawa Alam Nuristani, Chairwoman of the
Independent Election Commission of Afghanistan, the current president of
Afghanistan, Ashraf Ghani, came first in the country’s presidential election in
late September, gaining 50.64% of the vote.
Meanwhile the media previously reported that the
campaign team of another presidential candidate, the country’s Chief Executive
Abdullah Abdullah, filed over 4,000 complaints about the preliminary results of
the election.
According to a number of experts, the situation around
the country’s presidential election further hinders the possibility of a
de-escalation of the Afghan conflict. It’s more likely to provoke a political
crisis, which would unfold against the backdrop of strengthening interethnic
tensions. As a result, the civil war may become interethnic in nature.
The situation in Afghanistan is also exacerbated by
the position of the US, which supports the current president, Ashraf Ghani. The
US Special Representative for Afghanistan Reconciliation Zalmay Khalilzad, who
concluded the next round of talks in Kabul on December 18, met with President
Ashraf Ghani to inform the latter of his recent meetings and talks in Qatar and
Pakistan, discussing joint actions for the upcoming period. At the same time,
Khalilzad met with the other candidate for the presidential election, Abdullah
Abdullah, with the leaders of political parties and public organizations, as well
as with the commanding officers of the US and NATO forces in Afghanistan.
However, Washington’s actions aimed at resolving the
Afghan conflict don’t leave hope for improvement of the current state of
things. Peace talks between US representatives and the Taliban movement (banned
in the Russian Federation) have not yet yielded positive results. On top of
that, after the 10th round of negotiations resumed on December 7 in Doha, talks
are, once again, suspended and their possible renewal has been postponed until
2020. When the United States began firmly insisting on a ceasefire, the Taliban
representatives negotiating in Doha took a time out in order to consult with
the movement’s leaders in Pakistan.
According to representatives of the US military troops
in Afghanistan, currently, the cessation of attacks in the areas where NATO
bases are located is the key condition for the United States in negotiations
with the Taliban. On December 11, an attack on the NATO airbase in Bagram
occurred, resulting in 2 civilian casualties and over 70 people injured. What’s
more, five Georgian troops were among the injured.
On November 20, two soldiers were killed in a helicopter crash in the eastern province of Logar. On December 23, another US soldier was killed.
On November 20, two soldiers were killed in a helicopter crash in the eastern province of Logar. On December 23, another US soldier was killed.
In total, 24 foreign troops were killed in Afghanistan
this year, 22 of whom were American.
On December 20, the spokesman for the Taliban’s
political administration in Qatar, Suhail Shaheen, reiterated that intra-Afghan
negotiations will begin only after an agreement with the US on the withdrawal
of all foreign troops from Afghanistan is signed and that the talks will
include all aspects of the Afghan agenda.
At present, about 20,000 troops from other countries
are stationed in Afghanistan, most of them from the US. The United States Army
has been in Afghanistan since 2001. Over the years of the war, 775,000 soldiers
in total have been deployed to Afghanistan, of which 2,300 were
killed. During the longest US military operation against the Afghan
Taliban, the number of territories controlled by the movement didn’t decrease
but increased instead. Earlier, US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo said that the
United States is serious about withdrawing its forces from Afghanistan and
achieving peace ‘through negotiations with the Taliban,’ but no concrete
measures have been taken to this day.
On December 21, the US Congress approved the
allocation of $15 million to the Pentagon ‘for the logistical support of the
peace talks in Afghanistan.’ The defense budget for 2020 was signed by US
President Donald Trump on December 20. According to the documents, the financial
resources allocated to the Pentagon don’t entail direct payments to the
Taliban. However, as noted, the costs can be allocated at the discretion of the
Secretary of Defense after consulting with the Secretary of State.
In response to reports appearing in Western media
about the USA’s intention to allocate funds for the Taliban, its spokesman
Suhail Shahin made an official statement on Twitter: “The reports of some media
that the US Congress approved a budget for the logistic support of negotiators
from the Islamic Emirate are not true. This has not happened previously either.
These messages are meant as a distraction. If the US had approved a budget to
pay for the expenses of its team, it is their work, not the Islamic Emirate’s.”
The real use for the US taxpayers’ money allocated by
Washington from the Afghan-focused part of its budget is clear from The Washington
Post’s recently
published analysis of the 2000-page secret document on the Afghanistan War
titled “Lessons Learned”, which was intended to be seen only by White House
officials. It is enough to provide just even one small quote from these writings,
namely the admission of the former President of Afghanistan Hamid Karzai in an
interview with the Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction
(SIGAR): “For years, the CIA delivered bags of money to my office, which was
nothing unusual.”
“We created total corruption as a result of ‘flooding’
of the country with money,” US ambassador Ryan Crocker (2016) confesses in
another interview with SIGAR. One of his employees said: “Travelers
lugged suitcases loaded with $1 million, or more, on flights leaving Kabul. The
country is unable to handle such a huge amount of money anyway…”
It is believed that the US government spent $133
billion on state construction in Afghanistan (to compare, that is more than the
US spent after the Second World War on the restoration of the European
economy). Since no one counted the money and still doesn’t, the funds were
deposited into ‘the right hands.’ This was confirmed by forensic
accountant Gert Berthold in an interview with SIGAR: “Afghans have stopped
hiding how corrupt their country is. This is now a matter of prestige. I
analyzed 3,000 Pentagon contracts worth $106 billion. About 40% of the money
ended up in the pockets of insurgents, criminal syndicates or corrupt
officials.”
However, despite the billions of dollars spent, the
result is all but disastrous. The West has lost the battle for the ‘hearts and
minds’ of the Afghan people. It is perceived in Afghanistan only as an
occupying force.
In addition to the growth of anti-American sentiments,
a round of sharp interethnic confrontation can be observed today in
Afghanistan. Gulbuddin Hekmatyar and his party was legitimized, Pashtun
politicians are striving to increase their influence on the country’s politics,
the Hazaras, who were once a discriminated minority, now fill the halls of
Kabul universities, and many Islamic parties have become more active.
General Dostum, an ethnic Uzbek and one of the chief
field commanders in the Afghan War, constantly criticizes President Ashraf
Ghani for not listening to his military plan to defeat the Taliban. He has been
Vice President since 2014 while maintaining significant political weight and
influence on pro-government forces.
Reading the American media about the practically
endless negotiations between the Americans and the Taliban in Qatar, some might
think that the United States is close as ever to leaving Afghanistan. However,
this is not the case. There are still 13,000 infantry troops left, and the US
Air Force is bombing Afghanistan three times more frequently than under
President Obama. Over the three months of fall, the number of civilian
casualties in Afghanistan set a new disappointing record over the last 10
years, reaching 4,313. This was announced on November 1 by John Sopko, the Head
of the SIGAR.
The atrocities of the CIA in Afghanistan are so
egregious that even the totally US-controlled President Hamid Karzai spoke out
against them in 2013.
And in 2012, the International Criminal Court officially recognized the crimes committed in Afghanistan by the American special services and the groups supported by them.
“Members of US armed forces appear to have subjected at least 61 detained persons to torture, cruel treatment, outrages upon personal dignity on the territory of Afghanistan between 1 May 2003 and 31 December 2014,” was written in the report of Chief Prosecutor Fatou Bensouda.
And in 2012, the International Criminal Court officially recognized the crimes committed in Afghanistan by the American special services and the groups supported by them.
“Members of US armed forces appear to have subjected at least 61 detained persons to torture, cruel treatment, outrages upon personal dignity on the territory of Afghanistan between 1 May 2003 and 31 December 2014,” was written in the report of Chief Prosecutor Fatou Bensouda.
CIA-backed Afghan shock troops shot people without
holding trial and committed other serious offenses in Afghanistan, according to
a recent report by the human rights organization Human Rights
Watch. According
to the report, these troops killed and abducted civilians during night raids
and carried out attacks on medical facilities, apparently in order to provide
medical assistance to the militants.
In 2018, the Donald Trump’s administration introduced
a new strategy for resolving the conflict in Afghanistan. However, from the
facts cited above, one can see what this updated ‘program for peace in
Afghanistan’ has actually become and whether peace in this country in the near
future is even a realistic possibility.
Vladimir Odintsov, expert politologist,
exclusively for the online magazine ‘New Eastern Outlook’.
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