CH -- VLADIMIR PUTIN: 俄罗斯总统普京对联邦议会的讲话摘录

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Excerpt of the Presidential Address to Federal Assembly

俄罗斯总统普京对联邦议会的讲话摘录

Excerpt of the Presidential Address to Federal Assembly

The President of Russia delivered the Address to the Federal Assembly. The ceremony took place in Gostiny Dvor.

February 20, 2019

13:30

Moscow

总统对联邦议会的讲话摘录

俄罗斯总统向联邦议会发表了讲话。国情咨文在戈斯尼德沃举行。

2019年2月20日

13时30分

莫斯科

President of Russia, Vladimir Putin: 

俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·普京:

Colleagues, Russia has been and always will be a sovereign and independent state. This is a given. It will either be that, or will simply cease to exist. We must clearly understand this. Without sovereignty, Russia cannot be a state. Some countries can do this, but not Russia.

同僚们，俄罗斯一直并将永远是一个主权和独立的国家。这是命运给我们的一个礼物。要么就是一个主权和独立的国家，要么就灭亡。我们必须清楚地认识到这一点。没有主权，俄罗斯就不能成为一个国家。有些国家可以这样做，但俄罗斯不行。

Building relations with Russia means working together to find solutions to the most complex matters instead of trying to impose solutions. We make no secret of our foreign policy priorities. These include strengthening trust, countering global threats, promoting cooperation in the economy and trade, education, culture, science and technology, as well as facilitating people-to-people contact. These tenets underpin our work within the UN, the Commonwealth of Independent States, as well as within the Group of 20, BRICS and the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation.

与俄罗斯建立关系意味着要共同寻找解决最复杂问题的办法，而不是试图强加解决办法。我们对我们的外交政策重点毫不掩饰。这些措施包括加强信任、应对全球威胁、促进经贸、教育、文化、科技等领域的合作，以及促进人与人之间的联系。这些原则支持我们在联合国、独立国家联合体、20国集团、金砖四国和上海合作组织的工作。

We believe in the importance of promoting closer cooperation within the Union State of Russia and Belarus, including close foreign policy and economic coordination. Together with our integration partners within the Eurasian Economic Union, we will continue creating common markets and outreach efforts. This includes implementing the decisions to coordinate the activities of the EAEU with China’s Belt and Road initiative on the way to a greater Eurasian partnership.

我们相信，在促进俄罗斯和白俄罗斯在国家合并的基础上，进行内部更密切的合作，包括密切的外交政策和经济协调，是至关重要的。我们将与欧亚经济联盟内的一体化伙伴一道，继续创造共同的市场和推广努力。这包括在欧亚经济联盟与中国的“一带一路”倡议之间进行协调，以实现更大的欧亚伙伴关系。

Russia’s equal and mutually beneficial relations with China currently serve as an important factor of stability in international affairs and in terms of Eurasian security, offering a model of productive economic cooperation. Russia attaches importance to realising the potential of the special privileged strategic partnership with India. We will continue to promote political dialogue and economic cooperation with Japan. Russia stands ready to work with Japan on finding mutually acceptable terms for signing a peace treaty. We intend to promote deeper ties with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations.

俄罗斯与中国平等互利的关系，是当前国际事务稳定和欧亚安全的重要因素，是一种富有成效的经济合作模式。俄罗斯重视实现与印度的特殊战略伙伴关系的潜力。我们将继续推动与日本的政治对话和经济合作。俄罗斯愿意与日本合作，为签署和平条约寻找双方都能接受的条件。我们打算加强与东南亚国家联盟的联系。

We also hope that the European Union and the major European countries will finally take actual steps to put political and economic relations with Russia back on track. People in these countries are looking forward to cooperation with Russia, which includes corporations, as well as small and medium-sized enterprises, and European businesses in general. It goes without saying that this would serve our common interests.

我们也希望欧盟和主要欧洲国家最终采取实际步骤，使与俄罗斯的政治和经济关系回到正轨。这些国家的人民期待与俄罗斯合作，俄罗斯有大企业、中小企业和欧洲企业。毫无疑问，这将符合我们的共同利益。

The unilateral withdrawal of the USA from the INF Treaty is the most urgent and most discussed issue in Russian-American relations. This is why I am compelled to talk about it in more detail. Indeed, serious changes have taken place in the world since the Treaty was signed in 1987. Many countries have developed and continue to develop these weapons, but not Russia or the USA – we have limited ourselves in this respect, of our own free will. Understandably, this state of affairs raises questions. Our American partners should have just said so honestly rather than make far-fetched accusations against Russia to justify their unilateral withdrawal from the Treaty.

美国单方面退出《中程弹道导弹条约》是俄美关系中最紧迫、讨论最多的问题。这就是为什么我不得不更详细地讨论它。事实上，自1987年条约签署以来，世界发生了重大变化。许多国家已经发展并继续发展这些武器，但不是俄罗斯或美国——我们在这方面限制了我们自己的自由意志。可以理解的是，这种情况给我们造成了问题。我们的美国伙伴应该诚实地这么说，而不是对俄罗斯进行牵强的指控，以证明他们单方面退出条约是正当的。

It would have been better if they had done what they did in 2002 when they walked away from the ABM Treaty and did so openly and honestly. Whether that was good or bad is another matter. I think it was bad, but they did it and that is that. They should have done the same thing this time, too. What are they doing in reality? First, they violate everything, then they look for excuses and appoint a guilty party. But they are also mobilising their satellites that are cautious but still make noises in support of the USA. At first, the Americans began developing and using medium-range missiles, calling them discretionary “target missiles” for missile defence. Then they began deploying Mk-41 universal launch systems that can make offensive combat use of Tomahawk medium-range cruise missiles possible.

如果他们在2002年放弃《反导条约》并公开、诚实地这么做的话，情况会更好。这是好是坏是另一回事。我觉得很糟糕，但他们还是这么做了，就是这样。他们这次也应该做同样的事情。他们实际上在做什么？首先，他们什么都违反了，然后他们寻找借口，指定一个替罪羊。但他们也在动员谨慎但仍在制造噪音以支持美国的卫星。起初，美国人开始开发和使用中程导弹，称其为导弹防御的“目标导弹”。然后他们开始部署MK-41通用发射系统，使战斧中程巡航导弹的进攻性战斗成为可能。

I am talking about this and using my time and yours because we have to respond to the accusations that are leveled at us. But having done everything I have just described, the Americans openly and blatantly ignored the provisions envisaged by articles 4 and 6 of the INF Treaty. According to Item 1, Article VI (I am quoting): “Each Party shall eliminate all intermediate-range missiles and the launchers of such missiles… so that… no such missiles, launchers… shall be possessed by either party.” Paragraph 1 of Article VI provides that (and I quote) “upon entry into force of the Treaty and thereafter, neither Party may produce or flight-test any intermediate-range missile, or produce any stages or launchers of such missiles.” End of quote.

我在谈论这件事，并利用我和你们的时间，因为我们必须回应对我们提出的指控。但是，在做了我刚才所描述的一切之后，美国人公开和公然地忽略了《中程弹道导弹条约》第4条和第6条所设想的条款。根据第六条第1项（我引用）：“每一方应消除所有中程导弹和此类导弹的发射装置……以便……任何一方不得拥有此类导弹、发射装置……”，第六条第1款规定，“在条约生效后，以及此后，任何一方不得生产或试飞任何中程导弹，或生产任何阶段或发射这种导弹。”引言结束。

Using medium-range target missiles and deploying launchers in Romania and Poland that are fit for launching Tomahawk cruise missiles, the US has openly violated these clauses of the Treaty. They did this some time ago. These launchers are already stationed in Romania and nothing happens. It seems that nothing is happening. This is even strange. This is not at all strange for us, but people should be able to see and understand it.

使用中程弹道导弹，在罗马尼亚和波兰部署适合发射战斧巡航导弹的发射装置，美国公开违反了该条约的这些条款。他们早就这么做了。这些发射器已经驻扎在罗马尼亚，什么也没有发生。似乎什么都没有发生。这甚至很奇怪。这对我们来说一点也不奇怪，但人们应该能够看到并理解它。

How are we evaluating the situation in this context? I have already said this and I want to repeat: Russia does not intend – this is very important, I am repeating this on purpose – Russia does not intend to deploy such missiles in Europe first. If they really are built and delivered to the European continent, and the United States has plans for this, at least we have not heard otherwise, it will dramatically exacerbate the international security situation, and create a serious threat to Russia, because some of these missiles can reach Moscow in just 10–12 minutes. This is a very serious threat to us. In this case, we will be forced, I would like to emphasise this, we will be forced to respond with mirror or asymmetric actions. What does this mean?

在这种情况下，我们如何评估这种情况？我已经说过了，我想重申：俄罗斯不打算——这非常重要，我是故意重复——俄罗斯不打算首先在欧洲部署这种导弹。如果这些导弹真的被建造并运送到欧洲大陆，而美国对此有计划，至少我们没有听到其他消息，它将极大地加剧国际安全局势，并对俄罗斯造成严重威胁，因为其中一些导弹可以在10-12分钟内抵达莫斯科。这对我们是一个非常严重的威胁。在这种情况下，我们将被迫，我想强调一下，我们将被迫以对称或非对称的行动作出反应。这是什么意思？

I am saying this directly and openly now, so that no one can blame us later, so that it will be clear to everyone in advance what is being said here. Russia will be forced to create and deploy weapons that can be used not only in the areas we are directly threatened from, but also in areas that contain decision-making centres for the missile systems threatening us.

我现在直截了当地公开地说了这句话，这样以后就不会有人责怪我们了，这样每个人都可以提前知道这里说的是什么。俄罗斯将被迫制造和部署高超音速武器，这些武器不仅可以对直接威胁我们的地区使用，还可以对那些含有敌方导弹系统控制中心的地区使用，因为那些系统威胁着我们。

What is important in this regard? There is some new information. These weapons will fully correspond to the threats directed against Russia in their technical specifications, including flight times to these decision-making centres.

在这方面，什么是重要的？有一些新信息。我们的高超音速武器将完全符合敌方武器技术规格中针对俄罗斯的威胁，包括飞往敌方控制中心的飞行时间。

We know how to do this and will implement these plans immediately, as soon as the threats to us become real. I do not think we need any further, irresponsible exacerbation of the current international situation. We do not want this.

我们知道如何做到这一点，一旦对我们构成威胁，我们将立即实施这些计划。我认为我们不需要进一步不负责任地加剧当前的国际形势。我们不想要这个。

What would I like to add? Our American colleagues have already tried to gain absolute military superiority with their global missile defence project. They need to stop deluding themselves. Our response will always be efficient and effective.

我想补充什么？我们的美国同事已经试图通过他们的全球导弹防御计划获得绝对的军事优势。他们需要停止自欺欺人。我们的反应总是有效的。

The work on promising prototypes and weapon systems that I spoke about in my Address last year continues as scheduled and without disruptions. We have launched serial production of the Avangard system, which I have already mentioned today. As planned, this year, the first regiment of the Strategic Missile Troops will be equipped with Avangard. The Sarmat super-heavy intercontinental missile of unprecedented power is undergoing a series of tests. The Peresvet laser weapon and the aviation systems equipped with Kinzhal hypersonic ballistic missiles proved their unique characteristics during test and combat alert missions while the personnel learned how to operate them. 

我在去年的演讲中谈到的关于有前途的原型和武器系统的工作按计划进行，没有中断。我们已经推出了“先锋高超音速武器”系列产品，我今天已经提到过了。按照计划，今年第一团战略导弹部队将装备“先锋”。具有空前威力的萨马特超重型洲际导弹正在进行一系列试验。佩雷斯韦特激光武器和装备了金扎尔高超音速弹道导弹的航空系统在试验和作战警报任务中证明了它们的独特特性，同时人员学会了如何操作它们。

Next December, all the Peresvet missiles supplied to the Armed Forces will be put on standby alert. We will continue expanding the infrastructure for the MiG-31 interceptors carrying Kinzhal missiles. The Burevestnik nuclear-powered cruise missile of unlimited range and the Poseidon nuclear-powered unmanned underwater vehicle of unlimited range are successfully undergoing tests.

明年12月，所有提供给武装部队的佩雷斯韦特导弹将进入待命状态。我们将继续扩大携带金扎导弹的米格-31拦截弹的基础设施。伯韦斯特尼克无限射程核动力巡航导弹和波塞冬无限射程核动力水下无人驾驶飞行器正在成功地进行试验。

In this context, I would like to make an important statement. We did not announce it before, but today we can say that as soon as this spring the first nuclear-powered submarine carrying this unmanned vehicle will be launched. The work is going as planned.

在这方面，我想做一个重要的声明。我们以前没有宣布过，但今天我们可以说，今年春天，第一艘搭载这种无人驾驶飞行器的核动力潜艇将被下水。工作按计划进行。

Today I also think I can officially inform you about another promising innovation. As you may remember, last time I said we had more to show but it was a little early for that. So I will reveal little by little what else we have up our sleeves. Another promising innovation, which is successfully being developed according to plan, is Tsirkon, a hypersonic missile that can reach speeds of approximately Mach 9 and strike a target more than 1,000 km away both under water and on the ground. It can be launched from water, from surface vessels and from submarines, including those that were developed and built for carrying Kalibr high-precision missiles, which means it comes at no additional cost for us.

今天我还想我可以正式通知你另一个有希望的创新。你可能还记得，上次我说我们有更多的东西要展示，但现在还为时过早。所以我会一点一点地透露我们袖子里还有什么。另一个很有希望的创新是“奇尔肯”，它是一种高超音速导弹，能够在水下和地面上以大约9马赫的速度攻击1000多公里以外的目标。它可以从水、水面舰艇和潜艇发射，包括那些为携带卡利布高精度导弹而开发和制造的潜艇，这意味着它对我们来说不需要额外的费用。

On a related note, I want to highlight that for the defence of Russia’s national interests, two or three years ahead of the schedule set by the state arms programme, the Russian Navy will receive seven new multipurpose submarines, and construction will begin on five surface vessels designed for the open ocean. Sixteen more vessels of this class will enter service in the Russian Navy by 2027.

在一份相关说明中，我要强调的是，为了维护俄罗斯的国家利益，比国家武器计划规定的时间表提前两三年，俄罗斯海军将接收七艘新的多用途潜艇，并将在五艘为公海设计的水面舰艇上开始建造。到2027年，这一级别的16艘舰艇将在俄罗斯海军服役。

To conclude, on the unilateral withdrawal by the USA from the Treaty on the Elimination of Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles, here is what I would like to say. The US policy toward Russia in recent years can hardly be called friendly. Russia’s legitimate interests are being ignored, there is constant anti-Russia campaigning, and more and more sanctions, which are illegal in terms of international law, are imposed without any reason whatsoever. Let me emphasise that we did nothing to provoke these sanctions. The international security architecture that took shape over the past decades is being completely and unilaterally dismantled, all while referring to Russia as almost the main threat to the USA.

最后，关于美国单方面退出《消除中程和短程导弹条约》，我想说的是。近年来美国对俄罗斯的政策几乎不能称之为友好政策。俄罗斯的合法利益被忽视，反俄运动不断，越来越多的制裁在国际法上是非法的，没有任何理由。让我强调一下，我们没有采取任何措施来挑起这些制裁。过去几十年中形成的国际安全架构正在被完全单方面地拆除，所有这些都将俄罗斯称为对美国的几乎主要威胁。

Let me say outright that this is not true. Russia wants to have sound, equal and friendly relations with the USA. Russia is not threatening anyone, and all we do in terms of security is simply a response, which means that our actions are defensive. We are not interested in confrontation and we do not want it, especially with a global power like the United States of America. However, it seems that our partners fail to notice the depth and pace of change around the world and where it is headed. They continue with their destructive and clearly misguided policy. This hardly meets the interests of the USA itself. But this is not for us to decide.

我直截了当地说这不是真的。俄罗斯希望与美国保持良好、平等和友好的关系。俄罗斯不会威胁任何人，我们在安全方面所做的一切只是一种回应，这意味着我们的行动是防御性的。我们对对抗不感兴趣，也不想对抗，特别是像美国这样的全球大国。然而，我们的合作伙伴似乎没有注意到世界各地变化的深度和速度，以及变化的方向。他们继续实施他们的破坏性政策，显然是被误导了。这几乎不符合美国本身的利益。但这不由我们来决定。

We can see that we are dealing with proactive and talented people, but within the elite, there are also many people who have excessive faith in their exceptionalism and supremacy over the rest of the world. Of course, it is their right to think what they want. But can they count? Probably they can. So let them calculate the range and speed of our future arms systems. This is all we are asking: just do the maths first and take decisions that create additional serious threats to our country afterwards. It goes without saying that these decisions will prompt Russia to respond in order to ensure its security in a reliable and unconditional manner.

我们可以看到，我们正在处理的是积极主动和有才华的人，但在精英阶层中，也有许多人对他们的单边主义和霸权有过多的信心，超过世界其他地方。当然，他们有权思考自己想要什么。但他们能数数吗？也许他们可以。所以让他们计算一下我们未来武器系统的范围和速度。这就是我们所要求的：先做数学，然后再做出对我们国家造成额外严重威胁的决定。不言而喻，这些决定将促使俄罗斯作出回应，以可靠和无条件的方式确保俄罗斯的安全。

I have already said this, and I will repeat that we are ready to engage in disarmament talks, but we will not knock on a locked door anymore. We will wait until our partners are ready and become aware of the need for dialogue on this matter.

我已经说过了，我要重申，我们已经准备好进行裁军谈判，但我们不会再敲开一扇锁着的门了。我们将等到我们的合作伙伴准备就绪，并意识到就这一问题进行对话的必要性。

We continue developing our Armed Forces and improving the intensity and quality of combat training, in part, using the experience we gained in the anti-terrorist operation in Syria. Much experience was gained by practically all the commanders of the Ground Forces, by covert operations forces and military police, warship crews, army, tactical, and strategic and military transport aviation.

我们继续发展我们的武装力量，提高战斗训练的强度和质量，部分利用我们在叙利亚反恐行动中取得的经验。几乎所有地面部队指挥官、秘密行动部队和宪兵、军舰船员、陆军、战术、战略和军事运输航空都获得了许多经验。

I would like to emphasise again that we need peace for sustainable long-term development. Our efforts to enhance our defence capability are for only one purpose: to ensure the security of this country and our citizens so that nobody would even consider pressuring us, or launching an aggression against us.

我想再次强调，我们需要和平来实现可持续的长期发展。我们增强防御能力的努力只有一个目的：确保我们国家和我们公民的安全，这样就没有人会考虑给我们施压，或者对我们发动侵略。

Colleagues, we are facing ambitious goals. We are approaching solutions in a systematic and consistent way, building a model of socio-economic development that will allow us to ensure the best conditions for the self-fulfillment of our people and, hence, provide befitting answers to the challenges of a rapidly changing world, and preserve Russia as a civilisation with its own identity, rooted in centuries-long traditions and the culture of our people, our values and customs. Naturally, we will only be able to achieve our goals by pooling our efforts, together in a united society, if all of us, all citizens of Russia, are willing to succeed in specific endeavours.

同事们，我们正面临着雄心勃勃的目标。我们正在以系统和一致的方式接近解决方案，建立一个社会经济发展模式，使我们能够确保人民自我实现的最佳条件，从而为迅速变化的世界的挑战提供合适的答案，并将俄罗斯作为一个具有自己身份的文明，扎根于我们人民悠久的传统和文化，我们的价值观和习俗。当然，如果我们所有人，所有俄罗斯公民都愿意在特定的努力中取得成功，我们只有在一个团结的社会中共同努力，才能实现我们的目标。

Such solidarity in striving for change is always the deliberate choice of the people themselves. They make this choice when they understand that national development depends on them, on the results of their labour, when a desire to be needed and useful enjoys support, when everyone finds a job by vocation one is happy with, and most importantly, when there is justice and a vast space for freedom and equal opportunity for work, study, initiative and innovation.

这种为变革而奋斗的团结，一直是人们自己深思熟虑的选择。当他们知道国家的发展取决于他们，取决于他们的劳动成果，当需要和有用的愿望得到支持，当每个人都能找到一份工作时，最重要的是，当有正义和广阔的自由空间和平等的工作、学习、创业和创新机会时，他们就做出了这样的选择。

These parameters for development breakthroughs cannot be translated into figures or indicators, but it is these things – a unified society, people being involved in the affairs of their country, and a common confidence in our power – that play the main role in reaching success. And we will achieve this success by any means necessary.

发展突破的这些参数不能转化为数字或指标，但正是这些因素——一个统一的社会，参与本国事务的人，以及对我们力量的共同信心——在取得成功方面发挥了主要作用。我们将以任何必要的方式取得这一成功。

Thank you for your attention.

谢谢你的关注。

The National Anthem of the Russian Federation is played.

播放俄罗斯联邦国歌。

 INVITATION TO THE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION

国际会议邀请

FOR THE 70TH ANNIVERSARY OF NATO

北约成立70周年纪念日



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