70 anos depois, o Apelo de Estocolmo continua atual Fim às armas nucleares

70 anos depois, o Apelo de Estocolmo continua atual

Fim às armas nucleares

18.03.2020

70 anos depois, o Apelo de Estocolmo continua atual | Fim às armas nucleares

 Flávio Gonçalves

... Exigimos o estabelecimento de um vigoroso controlo internacional para a aplicação dessa medida de interdição. Consideramos que o governo que primeiro utilizar a arma atómica, não importa contra que país, cometerá um crime contra a humanidade e será tratado como criminoso de guerra. Pedimos a todos os homens de boa vontade no mundo inteiro que assinem este apelo.»

Há 70 anos, mais precisamente a 15 de março de 1950, foi lançado pelo Comité Mundial dos Partidários da Paz - embrião do Conselho Mundial da Paz, nascido no final desse mesmo ano - o Apelo de Estocolmo, petição mundial pela interdição das armas atómicas.

Entre os primeiros subscritores encontravam-se destacadas personalidades da cultura, da ciência e da arte daquele tempo, como: Frédéric Joliot-Curie, Charlie Parker, Dmitri Shostakovich, George Bernard Shaw, Henri Matisse, Henri Wallon, Leonard Bernstein, Louis Aragon, Marc Chagall, Pablo Neruda, Pablo Picasso, Simone Signoret, Thomas Mann, Yves Montand e muitos outros.

O teor do Apelo encontrou eco entre os povos do mundo, chocados com o horror dos criminosos bombardeamentos atómicos norte-americanos sobre Hiroxima e Nagasáqui, em agosto de 1945, e preocupados com a crescente tensão que marcava o seu tempo. Depois da esperança aberta na efetivação de um mundo de paz com a vitória sobre o nazi-fascismo na Segunda Guerra Mundial, na viragem para década de 50 as preocupações eram imensas. E justificadas.

US Nukes Reported Delivered To Poland

 US Nukes Reported Delivered To Poland 

by Rod Renny

March 10, 2020

Tensions between Turkey and Syria continue to spiral out of control. Clashes between Turkish and Syrian forces amid a Syrian government offensive are quickly threatening to escalate into a full-blown conflict between the two neighbors and to also shatter an alliance forged between Turkey and Russia.

In order to prevent the conflict in the region to be nuclear, USA decided to take the nukes out of Turkey. The fact of taking the ammunition out of the country was widely discussed in Turkish media.

The media informed that five C-17A Globemasters III arrived to Incerlik AB from Ramstein Air Base and took the whole bulk of nukes out to Germany, Poland and one of the Baltic States.

In the frame of journalist investigation, I requested the U.S. European Command Public Affairs office to provide additional information, but Mr. Mark Mackowiak from ECPA refused, referring the US policy.

An official in the Air Mobility Command who wished to remain anonymous said that the nuclear ammunition had already been delivered to Powidz, Poland in early March 2020.

In this way the tensions are to rise in Europe: the biggest US maneuvers in Europe, more nukes– that can provoke reactions from Russia.

Moscow has already warned that Russian government would take responsive measures to an upcoming, massive U.S. military deployment and U.S.-led exercises across multiple European states bordering Russia.

Russia cannot ignore these processes, which are of great concern, and stated that they will respond in such a way that does not create unnecessary risks.

It’s worth noting that everything that Russia do in response to the threats created by NATO members to its security do exclusively on its own territory. Just like all Russian nuclear weapons are on its territory, unlike American nuclear weapons.

Appears US Considering Nuclear Conflict as Political Option - Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs

© CC BY-SA 2.0 / The Official CTBTO Photostream / Nuclear Test

WORLD

08:26 GMT 06.03.2020(updated 09:00 GMT 06.03.2020)Get short URL

10293

Moscow previously stressed that global security had deteriorated due to Washington's decision to leave the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty last year.

According to Russian Foreign Ministry spokesperson Maria Zakharova, the United States is boosting its nuclear weapons, decreasing its application threshold in a military conflict.

"Washington is not just modernising its nuclear forces, but is striving to give them new capabilities, which greatly expands the likelihood of their use", Zakharova stated on Friday.

The diplomat added that it looks like the US is "considering a nuclear conflict as a real political option", increasing its potential, and using fake threats like possible aggression from Russia or China as a pretext. She also urged Washington to pursue arms control to decrease tensions and boost global stability.

PT -- Os Acordos McCloy-Zorin -- 20 de Setembro de 1961

Os Acordos McCloy-Zorin

20 de Setembro de 1961

DECLARAÇÃO CONJUNTA DE PRINCÍPIOS ACORDADOS

PARA NEGOCIAÇÕES DE DESARMAMENTO

Os Estados Unidos e a URSS concordaram recomendar os seguintes princípios, como base para futuras negociações multilaterais sobre desarmamento e exortaram outros Estados a cooperarem na obtenção de um acordo antecipado sobre desarmamento geral e completo num mundo pacífico, de acordo com estes princípios:

DESARMAMENTO SEGURO E SOLUÇÃO PACÍFICA DOS LITÍGIOS... GUERRA, NUNCA MAIS.

O objectivo das negociações é alcançar um acordo sobre um programa que assegure:

Que esse desarmamento seja geral e completo e a guerra não seja mais um instrumento para resolver problemas internacionais, e

Que esse desarmamento seja acompanhado pelo estabelecimento de procedimentos transparentes para a solução pacífica de discórdias e medidas efectivas para a manutenção da paz, de acordo com os princípios da Carta das Nações Unidas.

RETENÇÃO DE FORÇAS NÃO NUCLEARES PARA GARANTIR A ORDEM NACIONAL E UMA FORÇA DE PAZ DA ONU

O programa para o desarmamento geral e completo responsabilizar-se-á para que os Estados tenham à sua disposição apenas os armamentos, forças, instalações e estabelecimentos não nucleares que forem considerados necessários para manter a ordem interna de cada Estado e para proteger a segurança pessoal dos cidadãos; e que os Estados deverão apoiar e fornecer mão-de-obra para uma força de paz das Nações Unidas.

TODAS AS FORÇAS MILITARES, BASES, DEPÓSITOS DE ARMAS E DESPESAS MILITARES SERÃO CANCELADAS

Ron Henry: Is Nuclear Deterrence Even Possible Today?

12.12.2019 Author: Ron Henry

Is Nuclear Deterrence EvenPossible Today? 

Column: Politics

Region: USA in the World

Throughout the Cold War the incredibly intimidating destructive capability of nuclear weapons created a red line that neither the US nor the USSR were willing to cross, which compelled them to negotiating their differences even when the parties were equally reluctant to do so. Regrettably, those days seem to be back, as tensions between Russia and China on one side and the US on the other continue flaring even today. That is why one can safely describe nuclear weapons as a core component of prevention of the next major war.

As it’s been pointed out by the director of the UN Institute for Disarmament Research, Renata Dwan the risk of nuclear weapons actually being used these days is at its highest since WWII, which explains why the Doomsday Clock has been set to 11:58 p.m. by the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists last January.

While American political figures would try to hush up their reliance on nuclear weapons as a key component of ensuring national security, it nevertheless remains instrumental to Washington’s ability to defend itself and its allies. Therefore, it’s highly abnormal that under these circumstances the rapid development of nuclear missile technology remains unregulated by the international community.

International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons: ICAN statements at United Nations

September 26, 2019

For other events taking place in New York and around the world to mark the International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons, follow the live-blog.

ICAN statement to the High-Level Plenary Meeting to commemorate and Promote the International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons

During the UNGA event to mark the International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons, Campaigner Mitchie Takeuchi, second-generation Hibakusha and granddaughter to the director of the Red Cross hospital in Hiroshima at the time of the bombing, delivered the following statement on behalf of the International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear weapons:

Mr. President, distinguished delegates, and colleagues,

My name is Mitchie Takeuchi. I have the honour today to represent the International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons, the 2017 Nobel Peace Laureate. I grew up in Hiroshima and my family survived the atomic bombing in 1945. I wish to share something of my own story and the importance of ICAN’s collective work around the world to usher in an age of the end of nuclear weapons.

In 1938, my grandfather, Ken Takeuchi, became the founding president of the Red Cross Hospital in Hiroshima. On August 6th he and most of his colleagues arrived a little before 8 a.m., which meant they were inside the hospital building before the first war-time use of an atomic bomb levelled my hometown. My grandfather’s request that they come early saved many doctor’s lives, so they could save more civilians that day. Although close to Ground Zero, the Red Cross Hospital withstood total destruction.

My grandfather remembers an enormous blast that caused a heavy door to fly off its hinges and knock him unconscious. When he came to, he was not able to move due to broken bones all over his body. His face also sustained horrible injuries. He had been carried to the outside of the main hospital building. What he saw defies description—unimaginable suffering, wailing and crying, dead bodies everywhere. It was complete chaos.

A Rússia não exclui guerra nuclear na Europa

A Rússia não exclui a hipótese de guerra nuclear na Europa

1     17 de Setembro de 2019

       • Os países que estão preparados para instalar qualquer tipo de armas sugerido pelos EUA tornar-se-ão verdadeiros alvos para a Rússia.

Enviado por Adomas Abromaitis…

Nos últimos dias, o problema do risco de escalada nuclear num conflito não nuclear e de guerra por engano, está intensamente presente.

É mais que óbvio, que a estabilidade estratégica está em profunda crise. De acordo com o relatório (http://svop.ru/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/REPORT_Eng_1.pdf ), que se baseia nos resultados de uma análise das circunstâncias problemáticas, dirigida por Sergei A. Karaganov e ocorrida no Ministério dos Negócios Estrangeiros russo, “seria um erro pensar que o novo cenário estratégico militar é estável”.

Do ponto de vista do autor, a principal ameaça provém do risco de conflito militar entre potências nucleares, incluindo um conflito nuclear ou não nuclear não intencional, que pode, posteriormente, transformar-se numa guerra nuclear global, com a probabilidade da escalada ser agora maior do que antes.

De acordo com o relatório, é claro que a Rússia está convencida de que os EUA estão a destruir, constantemente, a sua arquitectura tradicional - o sistema de acordos de controlo de armas nucleares - considerando, novamente, opções para usar armas nucleares num conflito convencional para vencer a guerra, bem como recusar-se a iniciar negociações positivas, para fortalecer a estabilidade estratégica.

O autor tem a certeza de que esta circunstância cria um vazio no campo das armas nucleares e reduz o limite inicial para o seu uso, numa ocasião em que o risco de um choque armado entre potências nucleares na situação política e tecnológica actual, permanece bastante elevado.

No que diz respeito à Europa, o relatório afirma que os riscos mais sérios de choque militar inadvertido resultam dos esforços contínuos dos EUA para construir a sua infraestrutura militar, incluindo defesas de mísseis e drones, na Europa Oriental, bem como os seus planos para aumentar o arsenal de armas nucleares de pequeno conteúdo explosivo (low-yield nuclear weapons) e colocá-las em sistemas estratégicos de transporte, a fim de neutralizar a ameaça militar russa.

Numerosas propostas dos EUA para fortalecer a sua presença militar e a instalação de armas nos territórios da Polónia e dos Estados Bálticos indicam, claramente, que os EUA admitem a possibilidade de um conflito militar regional com a Rússia, na Europa e estão a  tomar medidas para impedir a Rússia de vencer, usando armas nucleares tácticas ou mísseis de médio alcance armados convencionalmente.

O autor considera que esta tendência é bastante perigosa: para a Rússia, o uso de armas nucleares tácticas ou mísseis de médio alcance armados contra ela, significaria um ataque estratégico e, inevitavelmente, desencadearia um segundo ataque nuclear contra os EUA ou contra os países que instalaram no seu território, essas armas nucleares americanas.

Assim, os países que estão preparados para usar qualquer tipo de arma sugerido pelos EUA, tornar-se-ão alvos reais para a Rússia.

A guerra nuclear na Europa já não é mais uma intimidação fantasmagórica, mas uma ameaça muito concreta.

Russia does not exclude nuclear war in Europe

Russia does not exclude nuclear war in Europe

SEPTEMBER 17, 2019

• Countries which are ready to deploy any kind of weapons suggested by the U.S. will turn themselves to real targets for Russia.

Submitted by Adomas Abromaitis…

In these latter days the issue of the risk of nuclear escalation in a non-nuclear conflict and war by mistake is acutely on the agenda.

Obviously, strategic stability is in deep crisis. According to the report (http://svop.ru/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/REPORT_Eng_1.pdf), which is based on the results of a situational analysis directed by Sergei A. Karaganov and held at the Russian Foreign Ministry, “it would be a mistake to think that the new military-strategic landscape is stable.

From author’s point of view, the main threat comes from a risk of military conflict between nuclear powers, including an unintended nuclear or non-nuclear conflict, which can subsequently escalate into a global nuclear war, with the probability of such escalation now being higher than before.

According to the report, it is clear that Russia is convinced that the U.S. has been consistently destroying its traditional architecture – the system of nuclear arms control agreements, again considering options to use nuclear weapons in a conventional conflict for winning the war, and refusing to begin serious negotiations to strengthen strategic stability.

The author is sure that this creates a vacuum in the field of nuclear weapons and lowers the threshold for their use at a time when the risk of an armed clash between nuclear powers in the current political and technological situation remains quite high.

As for Europe is concerned, the report states that more serious risks of inadvertent military clash come from the U.S.’s continues efforts to build up its military infrastructure, including missile defences and drones, in Eastern Europe, its plans to increase its low-yield nuclear weapons arsenal and put those weapons on strategic delivery systems in order to neutralize the Russian military threat.

Numerous the U.S. proposals to strengthen its military presence and deployment of weapons in the territories of Poland and the Baltic States clearly indicate that the U.S. allows the possibility of a regional military conflict with Russia in Europe and is taking measures to prevent Russia from winning it by using of tactical nuclear weapons or conventionally-armed medium-range missiles.

The author consider that this is a rather dangerous tendency: for Russia, the use of tactical nuclear weapons or conventionally-armed medium-range missiles against it would mean a strategic strike and would inevitably trigger a nuclear second strike against the U.S. or those countries which deployed its nuclear weapons.

Thus, countries which are ready to deploy any kind of weapons suggested by the U.S. will turn themselves to real targets for Russia.

Nuclear war in Europe is no more a ghostly threat, but a very real one.

Strangelove redux: US experts propose having AI control nuclear weapons

By Matt Field, August 30, 2019

A US missile test. Photo via Wikimedia Commons. Public Domain.

Hypersonic missiles, stealthy cruise missiles, and weaponized artificial intelligence have so reduced the amount of time that decision makers in the United States would theoretically have to respond to a nuclear attack that, two military experts say, it’s time for a new US nuclear command, control, and communications system. Their solution? Give artificial intelligence control over the launch button.

In an article in War on the Rocks titled, ominously, “America Needs a ‘Dead Hand,’” US deterrence experts Adam Lowther and Curtis McGiffin propose a nuclear command, control, and communications setup with some eerie similarities to the Soviet system referenced in the title to their piece. The Dead Hand was a semiautomated system developed to launch the Soviet Union’s nuclear arsenal under certain conditions, including, particularly, the loss of national leaders who could do so on their own. Given the increasing time pressure Lowther and McGiffin say US nuclear decision makers are under, “[I]t may be necessary to develop a system based on artificial intelligence, with predetermined response decisions, that detects, decides, and directs strategic forces with such speed that the attack-time compression challenge does not place the United States in an impossible position.”

DOCUMENTARY AND DRAMATIC FILMS ON NUCLEAR WEAPONS

Documentary films[edit]

• Ashes to Honey
• The Atom Strikes!
• The Atomic Cafe
• Atomic Ed and the Black Hole
• Atomic Power
• The Atomic States of America
• The Battle of Chernobyl
• Beating the Bomb
• The Bomb (2015)
• The Bomb (2016) - trailer
• Chernobyl Heart
• Command and Control
• Countdown to Zero
• Dark Circle
• The Day After Trinity
• Deadly Deception: General Electric, Nuclear Weapons and Our Environment
• Duck and Cover
• Heavy Water: A Film for Chernobyl
• First Strike
• A Guide to Armageddon (Q.E.D. episode)
• Half-Life of Genius Physicist Raemer Schreiber
• Hiroshima
• If You Love This Planet
• Into Eternity
• Journey to the Safest Place on Earth
• Last Best Chance
• The Man Who Saved the World
• The Mushroom Club
• Nuclear Tipping Point
• Our Friend the Atom
• Pandora's Promise
• Parmanu: the story of Pokharan
• Protect and Survive
• Race for the Bomb
• Radio Bikini
• The Rainbow Warrior
• The Return of Navajo Boy
• Rokkasho Rhapsody
• Silent Storm
• Target Nevada
• Trinity and Beyond: The Atomic Bomb Movie
• Uranium – Twisting the Dragon's Tail
• White Horse
• White Light/Black Rain: The Destruction of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
• Windscale: Britain’s Biggest Nuclear Disaster
• Chernobyl 4ever
• Welcome to Fukushima
• R.A.S

Dramatic films[edit]

See also: Nuclear weapons in popular culture

• A Boy and His Dog (1975) - the story of a boy and his talking dog in a post-apocalyptic world.
• Amazing Grace and Chuck (1987) - a 12-year-old boy becomes anxious after seeing a Minuteman missile on a school field trip. He protests the existence of nuclear weapons by refusing to play baseball.
• The Atomic Cafe (1982) - disturbing collection of the 1940s and 1950s United States government-issued propaganda films designed to reassure Americans that the atomic bomb was not a threat to their safety

PT -- ANÁLISE DE JIM MILES SOBRE: The DoomsdayMachine - Confissões de um planeador da guerra nuclear. Daniel Ellsberg

ANÁLISE DE JIM MILES SOBRE: The DoomsdayMachine - Confissões de um planeador da guerra nuclear. Daniel Ellsberg

“Parece haver um bom número de pessoas que, de bom grado, destruiriam o mundo inteiro em vez de admitir que a guerra nuclear não é uma opção e de se retirarem da situação (como fez Kruschev na crise dos mísseis cubanos) ...”

… Dez segundos para a meia noite.

Depois de ler a história de Daniel Ellsberg sobre o seu impacto na postura de guerra nuclear global, dos EUA, The Doomsday Machine, eu pensaria que o Relógio do Apocalipse, tal como está regulado pelos membros do Boletim dos Cientistas Atómicos, está a ser moderado ao estabelecer dois minutos. A situação descrita por Ellsberg é real - e não há dúvida de que é assim porque ele participou na sua criação - então, novamente, através da sua escrita, estamos, seguramente, muito mais próximos da meia noite da Humanidade do que a margem de dois minutos.

Vivi toda a minha vida sob a ameaça da aniquilação nuclear [1], assim como a maioria da população actual do mundo. Às vezes, essa ameaça assustava-me seriamente, especialmente quando criava e sustentava a minha família; outras vezes, mais recentemente, consegui afastar-me desses receios concretos. Por qualquer razão, The Doomsday Machine trouxe de volta todos aqueles medos primitivos, se bem que moral e fisicamente saudáveis. A escrita de Ellsberg é clara e contundente, não académica, mas escrita de maneira anedótica, o que aumenta a intensidade do sentimento de que as instituições, mas, principalmente, as personalidades individuais que controlam toda esta problemática, são profundamente imperfeitas. Ele não os retrata como deficientes mentais, mas qualquer um que possa conceber acções que possam destruir o mundo e, depois, agir de acordo com a continuação dessas acções, deveria ser considerado como profundamente malvado.

Dismantling the Doomsday Machines

 John V. Walsh Archive Select Year/MonthAll Years = 9 ItemsDecade 2010s = 9 Items  Year 2019 = 2 Items    January 2019 = 1 Item      Current Item    July 2019 = 1 Item  Year 2018 = 2 Items  Year 2014 = 5 Items---    July 2019 = 1 Item    January 2019 = 1 Item      Current Item    September 2018 = 1 Item    June 2018 = 1 Item    July 2014 = 1 Item    June 2014 = 1 Item    May 2014 = 2 Items    January 2014 = 1 Item

Dismantling the Doomsday Machines

JOHN V. WALSH • JANUARY 19, 2019

 • 4,400 WORDS • 93 COMMENTS • REPLY

“From a technical point of view, he (Stanley Kubrick) anticipated many things. … Since that time, little has changed, honestly. The only difference is that modern weapons systems have become more sophisticated, more complex. But this idea of a retaliatory strike and the inability to manage these systems, yes, all of these things are relevant today. It (controlling the systems) will become even more difficult and more dangerous.” (Emphasis, jw)

Vladimir Putin commenting on the film, Dr. Strangelove: or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb, in an interview with Oliver Stone, May 11, 2016. Putin had not seen the movie and did not know of it before Stone showed it to him.

The Doomsday Machine, the title of Daniel Ellsberg’s superb book is not simply an imaginary contraption from a movie masterpiece. A Doomsday Machine uncannily like the one described in Dr. Strangeloveexists right now. In fact, there are two such machines, one in US hands and one in Russia’s. The US seeks to hide its version, but Ellsberg has revealed that it has existed since the 1950s. Russia has quietly admitted that it has one, named it formally, “Perimetr,” and also tagged it with a frighteningly apt nickname “Dead Hand.” Because the US and Russia are the only nations with Doomsday Machines to date we shall restrict this discussion to them.

The Doomsday Machine was published just a little more than a year ago, but its terrifying message has failed to provoke action. And Daniel Ellsberg is a man who knows whereof he speaks; the subtitle of the book is “Confessions of a Nuclear War Planner,” which is how Ellsberg spent the early part of his career. What follows on this first anniversary of the book’s publication is a brief restatement of the main argument of the book and then a summary of Ellsberg’s plan of action. (Not included are memoirs and personal experiences of this remarkable, very intelligent and moral man, which are found in the book and which I recommend to flesh out the line of thought presented herein.) Ellsberg’s plan is to be considered a stop gap measure to remove the nuclear sword of Damocles hanging over our heads and allow time to move to total abolition of nuclear weapons, a much more arduous task. Hopefully this essay will serve as a reminder of Ellsberg’s warnings and as a call to act on them.

How Do the Doomsday Machines Work? – Two components:

What is the essence of a “Doomsday Machine”? The first component is a mechanism of launching nuclear weapons that is on hair trigger alert and not always in the hands of the Presidents of Russia or the US. The fact well concealed from the US public is that the US President or those in the line of Constitutional succession are not the only ones with a finger on the nuclear button, and the same is true in Russia. The second component of a Doomsday Machine is a weapon of such destructive force that it can kill billions in the immediate aftermath of an attack and then the entire human race and perhaps all animal life on earth.

The Launch Mechanism – Command and Control